ABSTRACT
Purpose: COVID-19 placed millions of employees under work-from-home/telework. Employers intend extending telework for the long-term, anticipating business benefits. But the benefits are impacted by employees' well-being/ill-being, which is affected by the satisfaction of psychological needs. In turn, need satisfaction is influenced by employees' personal/job attributes. As work-from-home's blended environment disrupts routines, the satisfaction of the psychological need for structure or routines was examined in this study, along with the effect of personal/job attributes. Design/methodology/approach: Cross-section primary data were collected from 500 teleworking information technology employees from India and analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling. Vigour and exhaustion represented well-being and ill-being. Telework self-efficacy, standardised job, technology assistance and supervisor social support were the determinants or personal/job attributes. Need for structure satisfaction was the mediator. Findings: Telework self-efficacy, technology assistance and supervisor social support were positively associated with structure satisfaction. In turn, structure satisfaction was related positively with vigour and negatively with exhaustion, and thus mediated between personal/job attributes and vigour/exhaustion. Standardised job did not affect vigour, exhaustion or structure satisfaction. Originality/value: Need for structure is mostly studied as a trait, with implications of greater/lesser preference for structure examined. However, this work acknowledges structure as a basic ubiquitous need. Everyone needs some structure. Hence, need for structure is researched from the novel perspective of its satisfaction. This paper also uniquely combines job demands–resources model which identifies personal/job attributes, with concepts of epistemic which posit the need for structure. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.
ABSTRACT
Purpose Even after COVID-19 pandemic, several organizations intend extending work-from-home (WFH), to the extent of making it permanent for many. However, WFH's impact on productivity remains uncertain. Therefore, this paper aims to study personal and job factors determining the likelihood of amount of work done at home being same/more vis-a-vis office. Design/methodology/approach Employees' basic psychological needs and job crafting tendencies;job-related aspects of task independence, technology resources and supervisory support;and several demographic factors are examined as determinants. Firth logistic regression analysis of data from 301 Indian white-collar employees is performed. Findings Demographically, longer exposure to WFH, greater work experience and being a support function worker increased the likelihood of same/greater amount of work done at home. Being a woman or married reduced the likelihood, while being a manufacturing/services worker was non-significant. Among psychological needs, greater needs for autonomy and relatedness decreased and increased the likelihood of same/greater amount of work done at home, respectively. Regarding personal and job resources, job crafting to increase structural job resources and supervisor support increased the likelihood of same/greater amount of work done at home versus office. Originality/value This paper adds to the limited India-centric literature on WFH;uniquely examining influences of individual personal attributes on amount of work done by combining job demands-resources (JD-R) model and basic psychological needs theory.
ABSTRACT
Hypertension is a major global health challenge due to its prevalence and increased risk of cardiovascular disorder. Non-pharmacological intervention or lifestyle modification is a safer option to control blood pressure and shows effective results in regulating high blood pressure. In this review, we have described the pathophysiology of a hypertensive patient infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and functioning Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor during novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We summarized that article with the statement that hypertensive patients are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 not because they are taking ACE inhibitor drugs that regulate blood pressure and blocks angiotensin II-induced inflammation and tissue damage. Still, chronic drug intake makes their body weak to get infected with SARS-CoV-2 due to compromised immunity. Thus, lifestyle modification by taking healthy diet, regular, precise exercise, reducing stress, avoidance of salt intake, involvement of green leafy vegetables rich in potassium should be included in the meals, drinking of enough water (3-4 liters/day) daily, limitation in consumption of alcohol and caffeine make effectively control blood pressure with maintaining the required vigor of the body.
ABSTRACT
The noble coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 results in a devastating, multisystem disease among which COVID-19 pneumonia creates serious complications and most of COVID-19 related deaths. COVID-19 patients develop a systemic inflammatory response through interleukin (IL) and tumor necrosis factors. In COVID-19 patients, cytokine storm controlling is the key step for treatment because cytokine attacks own body cells instead of fighting with the virus. We reviewed several literatures to summarize the safety and efficacy of LD-RT in COVID-19 patients. Low dose chest radiation may reduce the inflammation in the lungs in severely ill patients. The radiation offset an immune system called AS a cytokine storm. Several randomized/non-randomized, single/multi-centered, open/close clinical trials are underway in U.S, India, Iran and around the globe. Early studies showed LD-RT reduces the inflammatory cytokines, time of hospitalization, duration of ventilation, and a number of deaths. However, some researchers warned for radiation-induced cancer (lung, breast, and esophageal) and cardiovascular diseases. So, further extensive preclinical studies should be conducted to identify the risk-benefit ratio in COVID-19 patients.
ABSTRACT
The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID -19 a pandemic on March 11 2020. As of today, there have been 122 million COVID -19-update cases worldwide, and the counting goes on. Unfortunately, strategic measures such as total lockdown, social and self-isolation, and gradual lifting of some of these restrictions both pose economic, social, and psychological distress and are thought to have affected people more than the virus itself. There is no specific antiviral drug available at this time. However, there are currently five main vaccines on the market that aim to protect the population from contracting the coronavirus. Moderna, Pfizer/BioNTech, Oxford/AstraZeneca, Sputnil V, and Sinopharm vaccines are among those included. Furthermore, developing an effective medication that is reliable for the treatment may be more effective, but it is more difficult. To accomplish this, molecular bio-interaction, virulence, clinical, and pathological features of COVID -19 viruses must be clearly understood. Additionally, the designation of potential antiviral drugs in the form of nanomedicines will optimize the therapeutic outcome and improve the quality of life. This study expanded on the clinical, pathological, and virulence features of COVID-19 and highlighted the need to investigate nanomedicines as a gold option that could potentiate the world to win the fight against COVID-19 infection.
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 is a disease caused by the novel coronavirus,which was initially called 2019-nCoV, consequently termed as SARSCoV-2 by the experts of the International Committee on Taxonomy ofViruses (ICTV) as it is exceptionally alike to the virus that caused theSARS outbreak in 2002 to 2003. World Health Organization already haddeclared COVID-19 as an international emergency as the disease isspreading at alarming levels. COVID-19 has affected more than1,016,372 people around the world and killed more than 53,238 people.And even where the virus hasn't yet spread, hospitals and clinics aroundthe world have been preparing for a rush forward of coronavirus patientsas a priority over everyday illnesses they treat. The label .,internationalemergency? has triggered governments of various countries to activatevigilance plans and probably take emergency measures to protect thepublic, such as more strong travel and trade restrictions. It is beingobserved that this is the first time this kind of virus, a coronavirus, hasbeen labeled a pandemic, "but at the same time, it is being believed that itwill be able to be contained or controlled if adopted proper measures.Since information about this virus is rapidly rising, it is the necessity ofthe time to remain updated. So in this article, we present on an overviewof the presently obtainable information on the etiology, pathophysiology,epidemiology, clinical manifestations and diagnosis, therapeuticstrategies, and management of this novel coronavirus. This review alsoaimed to present the concept of epidemic and pandemic phases accordingto WHO in a defined manner. Copyright © 2013 are reserved by the International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research.